Everyday Use By Alice Walker - 996 Words

In the short story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker, the author describes different ideas about one’s heritage. Culture and heritage is at the main point of the story â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker as symbolized by the quilt. The bond that Mother and Maggie share is brought by their common talent to make works of art like quilts. Dee does not have similar capacity because she does not appreciate manual labor nor believes in her heritage. The idea of pride in culture, heritage, and family is the main theme of the story. The line between being proud of whom one is and exploiting one’s self is broken and blurred by one character. The other two keep their firm ground in living out their values, rather than using it simply as a conversation starter. An African American single mother raises two daughters that have different meanings of life and heritage. Maggie is the youngest daughter, the girl who is shy who is not attractive and is pleased with her culture and life. Then there is Dee the girl who is attractive, sophisticated and knows what she wants in life and wants to be something more than her family. Even though Dee is sophisticated she does not know the true importance of heritage. This is what starts struggle between mother and Dee, because Dee desires the quilt for decoration which her mother would not give it to her for that reason. The mother believes the quilt is not for ornamenting it is more meaningful and signifies the heritage of her family. Only Maggie can transmitShow MoreRelatedEveryday Use By Alice Walker852 Words   |  4 Pagescomes or belongs to one by reason of birth. In â€Å"Everyday Use†, by Alice Walker, the theme of the story can be considered as the meaning of heritage or even the power of e ducation. Alice Walker uses many symbols and motifs such as the following: quilts, education, knowledge, Asalamalakim, and the renaming of Dee. In the story, African heritage and knowledge takes a major role. The African heritage plays a major role in the story, â€Å"Everyday Use†. Alice Walker emphasizes the meaning of heritage by havingRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 PagesEverday Use† research paper In â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two daughters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set insideRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1102 Words   |  5 Pagespoem â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† can be read similar to Alice Walker s short story Everyday Use† both are compared by the women’s ways of showing their strengths and how they identify their values, expressions and strength. Advertised in the general outlines of the plot, both literary themes talks of a quest for freedom, the characters identity and self-expression. Adrienne Rich â€Å"Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers† Alice Walker â€Å"Everyday Use† Comparison Paper Analyzing the two types of literatureRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1372 Words   |  6 Pagessociety as a whole, but more specifically in the African American Community. Alice Walker gives slight insight into   what being forced   to assimilate is like. She says in her short story Everyday Use: She will stand hopelessly in corners homely and ashamed of the burn scars down her arms and legs eyeing her sister with a mixture of envy and awe. Statements such as these are a regular occurrence in her works. Walker often speaks on the ever so disheartening topic of cultural assimilation and theRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1721 Words   |  7 PagesIn her short story â€Å"Everyday Use,† Alice Walker summarizes the representation of the beauty, the conflicts and struggles within African-American culture. â€Å"Everyday Use† focuses mainly between members of the Johnson family, consisting of a mother and her two daughters. One of the daughters Maggie, who wa s injured in a house fire and has living a shy life clinging to her mother for security. Her older sister is Dee, who grew up with a grace and natural beauty. â€Å"Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicerRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1655 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"everyday Use,† Alice Walker tells a narrative of a mother’s frustrating relationship together with her two daughters. At this facet, â€Å",Everyday Use†, tells that how a mom little by little refuses the cursory values of her older, successful daughter at the aspect of the useful values of her younger, much less lucky daughter. On a deeper outlook, Alice Walker takes on the theme of heritage and its norms as it applies to African-Americans. Everday Use, is set inside the late ,60s or mid ,70sRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1735 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Everyday Use† by Alice Walker and â€Å"Brownies† by ZZ Packer are two different short stories with different lessons but both talk about the topic of race. Both stories talks about the time in the 20th century when slavery just ended but racism are still active between African Americans and Caucasians. Walker described a story about a single African American mother who is waiting for her daughter to arrive from college. Packer described a story about these African American fourth graders who are inRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1111 Words   |  5 Pagestheir culture. Alice Walker highlights and distinguishes the dissimilarities and clichà © of country African American women with the actualities that make up their lives. Characterized by short, compound sentences, with long adjectives and use of literary elements, her style is eloquent co nversational and authentic. Alice Walker’s short story, Everyday Use is stylistic, ironic and narrates profound interpretation of unique views and approaches to African-American culture. Walker’s use of characterizationRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1725 Words   |  7 Pages17 April 2017 Everything is Not What it Seems Sometimes people forget that heritage has to do with truly understanding their past. Many often misrepresent it, especially the younger generations who just accept its presence. Alice Walker’s short story, â€Å"Everyday Use,† revolves around an African American family that consists of three women, who are very different from each other. The story begins with Maggie and Mama waiting in the yard for Dee, the main character, to visit from Augusta. Dee isRead MoreEveryday Use By Alice Walker1192 Words   |  5 PagesAlice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use† is a short story included in her collection In Love and Trouble published in 1973. The story’s setting takes place in the Deep South during the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s as many â€Å"blacks† were struggling to define their cultural identities (White). Traditions and culture in â€Å"Everyday Use† is portrayed contrastingly between Ms. Johnson and Maggie, who still follow rural black cultural of the south and Dee who has newly adopted a â€Å"native African† culture. An encounter

American Writers Like Zora Nealle Hurston, F. Scott...

Amanda Niedelman Dr. Dolgin 11/17/15 The 1930’s were certainly a marked departure from the 1920s. The nation plummeted into the worst economic depression in its history and the social and cultural consequences were huge. One of the most interesting developments is the changing relationship between intellectuals and the broader public in those years. Many American writers like Zora Nealle Hurston, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Faulkner, and Ernest Hemingway grew skeptical and weary of the general public during the 1920s, but during the Great Depression, were moved by the hardship they witnessed, the nation began to empathize with and work through the struggles of ordinary Americans. If the 1920s was marked by cultural division and by the disillusionment of intellectuals, than the thirties were marked by economic despair and by the discovery of the virtuous â€Å"common man† by the nation’s intellectuals. The period of the 1920s and 1930s is arguably the richest period in intellectual life of the nati on and for that reason alone people should have some familiarity with it. The parallels between the cultural debates of that era: over immigration, religion, the role of the federal government, and the meaning of the American Dream. An understanding of the time between World War I and World War II years will enhance the understanding of the cultural, political, and economic debates of the present. In Hurston s story, she addresses themes with specific historical meaning between

What would you get rid of to improve life Free Essays

What would you get rid of to improve life in the 21 st century? BY Anna3201 In today’s world, there are many things that we are not happy. The whole time we complain about something, what worries us. However, when a good think about it, we see that we spoil ourselves this world. We will write a custom essay sample on What would you get rid of to improve life or any similar topic only for you Order Now Often, the inventions and strenuous effort take control of everything around you. The question is: what would I get rid of to improve life in the 21st century? For me the worst things in the world are violence so that is the first thing which I would get rid of to improve life. Violence is everywhere: at home, at school, at work. It is behaviour that demeans limited freedom, violates the rights and causes mental and physical suffering of another person. Contractor makes it a pleasure. Why? How can you derive satisfaction from observing someone’s pain and fear? How abnormal tear brings Joy? Is it human? No! Such a person should not be called human. The physical and psychological violence we face every day. Sometimes we do not realize when we are its witnesses. Reflecting for a moment, we can see how often we see that someone is bullied, teased. Sometimes simply unpleasant word for someone can make him suffer. The person most wronged no one to turn to for fear of ridicule. Physical abuse often affects the most vulnerable, who do not stick to a particular group, because they are easier to hurt them. The perpetrators know that they go unpunished, so often for a very long period of time persecute people. Physical abuse has many forms from teasing to serious or even beat kicks. This makes physical pain. I think it is worth considering whether in the same way it hurts psychological violence? , In this case the victims are weaker, but they can also be good students, and ordinary people are shy. Easily to heart them because of their nature they annot defend itself against such aggression. Emotional abuse often takes the form of name-calling, ridicule. In my view, the two forms of violence hurt the same way. One undermines the body – one in mind. Both are Just as harmful as the other person stripped of dignity. Therefore, we always react seeing the hurt the other person. No condones the violence and think about how we would feel if someone behaved similarly in relation to us. Person who was bullied and teased as a child can have mental health problems in a present life. People, who have experienced violence in childhood, often do the same thing with your children or other people in heir present life. Violence is first step to a crime; people who use violence feel themselves unpunished and feel themselves believe they can do anything. This leads them to next crimes. Without violence in the world there would be no crime in the world. Violence and criminality leads to the fact that people are becoming more aggressive so it leads to the wars in the world. We know, for example, that Hitler had as a child was abused, humiliated and mocked by his father, without the slightest protection from the mother. The real source of his hatred thus becomes obvious. But lso many other dictators such as Mao, Stalin, or Ceausescu have experienced violence in their childhood. So without violence would not to be wars on the world. Violence is the beginning of all evil in the world. ne thing which I would get rid otto improve lite is stimulants There are many types of stimulants; they are alcohol, tobacco (cigarettes), drugs, and even coffee, tea, cola, and chocolate. In the last four, there can be no true physical dependence. These substances, however, operate on the pleasure centres in the brain, which can cause partial dependence on them, but typically psychological. The most dangerous of stimulants are certainly drugs. The most co mmon of these are: natural marijuana, hashish and cocaine or synthetic amphetamine, LSD, ecstasy, heroin. For these heavier drugs addiction can occur even after a single ingestion. Drug use often has a very negative effect, leads to fatal car accidents, beatings, murders or suicides. Drugs damage internal organs and systems, especially the nervous system. This leads to the degeneration of physical and mental body. Addiction is unable to perform basic activities of daily living and reduced to the constant search for the next portion of timulants. The problem of drug addicts is also moving HIV causes AIDS, a fatal disease. Alcoholism is one of the most common addictions. He is considered the disease. Binge drinking significantly reduces mental and physical. In extreme cases leads to damage to the liver, heart and stomach as well as mental diseases. Alcoholism is a serious problem in pathological families. Children from such homes often have depression and psychological trauma. Another well-known tobacco is a drug contained in cigarettes. Adults reach for the cigarettes to be de-stress, relax or simply out of boredom or for the company. After smoking a cigarette, some feel a recovery and improves their concentration. These feelings, however, are short-lived. Chronic cigarette smoking is the reason for a number of diseases, including lung cancer which in most cases leads to death. As you can see, not only strong stimulants like drugs, but these are less harmful to humans. I think that violence and stimulants are the worst things in our world and it’s Just I would like to be excluded from the 21st century. Violence and stimulants are the beginning of all evil in the world. Without those things our life would be better. World would be more beautiful. How to cite What would you get rid of to improve life, Papers

Most Aged People Develop Symptoms †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About the Most Aged People Develop Symptoms? Answer: Introduction Most Aged people develop symptoms of depression that are overlooked because the symptoms are attributed to aging sickness. According to Baer (2015), half of the entire depressed patients seen by general doctors are not identified as being depressed. In addition, a portion of the things doctors search for in identifying depression are things that the society assume to be a norm for the older people. Besides, there are a few contrasts between depression in the young people and the older people. For instance, elderly individuals have a tendency to have more ideational symptoms, which are identified with contemplations, thoughts, and guilt. Because of its devastating outcomes, late-life depression is a critical medical issue as they are related with increased danger of morbidity, suicidal risks, diminished physical, intellectual and social functioning, and more prominent self-disregard, all of which are connected with mortality. In the meantime, in spite of normal recognition, depression is less frequent among the older population than the prior ages. Depression in older people varies in both unobtrusive and clear courses from despondency prior in the life expectancy. Etiology, hazard and defensive variables, and potential results all reflect parts of the older peoples position in the life expectancy. Knowledge of the courses in which age may adjust variables related with the onset and support of depression is effective for proper treatment of depression among older people. Therefore, the essay will discuss on some of the strategies that can be implemented to tackle the issue of diagnosing of depression in the older patients (Rajji, 2015). Clinical Interventions Appraisal for depression In order to identify depression in the older people; the doctor must conduct a thorough assessment that incorporates a review of the present depressive symptoms, previous history of depression, history of psychological and pharmacological medications and their adequacy, and an assessment of suicidal ideation. For most intellectually impeded aged people, the doctor needs to meet the guardian and acquire data that may not be accessible with the patients report. Tools that have been approved in the appraisal of depression in subjectively impaired older people may help in the assessment (Wuthrich, Rapee, Kanga Perini, 2016). Since depressed elderly patients frequently do not report depression inclinations but do report lack of curiosity or pleasure in activities, the doctor needs to utilize the patient's dialect and involvement in making an assessment. At times depressed older patients us more words as compared to depression, for example, feeling blue, debilitated, and not motivated. Since geriatric depression might be mistaken with different ailments, indications that are brought about by depression must be separated from those of another ailment. At times, this separation is difficult, in light of the fact that depression may exacerbate the existing symptoms (Park Reynolds, 2015). Appraisal of Cognitive Impairment A vital part of the assessment is the evaluation of cognitive hindrance. In this case, the doctor may ask the patient and the guardian about the impacts of intellectual troubles on the patient's functioning and recognize cognitive strengths and deficits. Particular inquiries regarding the patient's ability to begin and remain with a new task until it is finished, to maintain attention and focus while reading or talking with others, and to recall recent events and discussions may give the doctor vital information about the patient's functioning (Pachana, Egan, Laidlaw, Byrne, Brockman Starkstein, 2013). Appraisal of Functioning In addition to the evaluation of cognitive impairment and depression, the doctor needs to assess the patient's behavioral, functional, and physical confinements (e.g., hearing, visual, and mobility issues). Therefore, the doctor should collect information from both the patient and the guardian. Further, careful inquiries may help identify and assess inconsistencies in their reports (Pachana, Egan, Laidlaw, Byrne, Brockman Starkstein, 2013). The doctor assesses how depression, disability, and cognitive impairment have influenced the patient's normal functioning like what activities the patient cannot do anymore, what the patient's past and current activities are, what impacts, assuming any, and the impact of the patient's cognitive difficulties on taking medicine and performing activities. Accessible clinical- administered tools might be useful in providing data on the patient's functioning in order to enable the doctor to differentiate between depression and ailment (Lac, Austin, Le mke, Poojary Hunter, 2017). Treatment Intervention Despite the viability of pharmacological medications in the acute period of late- life depression, symptoms reduction is accomplished in less than 45% of the elderly depressed patients with cognitive impairment. Therefore, efficient psychosocial interventions for the population are required. In spite of this need, most psychosocial medications for the acute treatment of geriatric major depression are intended for "young- old" (normal age, 65 to 70 years), cognitively in place, walking patients who can follow outpatient treatment plans. To treat successfully depressed elderly patients with disability and cognitive impairment, these psychosocial intercessions should be altered (e.g., contribution of a parental figure; home conveyance of the psychosocial mediation; environmental changes to help depressed, cognitively impaired older people to enhance their regular functioning) (Karlin, Trockel, Brown, Gordienko, Yesavage Taylor, 2015). The following interventions are designed for the de pressed older patients with shifting degrees of cognitive impairment Problem- solving treatment This is a 12-week outpatient treatment for the depressed older patients with mild dysfunction. It comprises of eight problem- solving stages and helps the patient recognize his or her problems in order to find the ideal plan learning the problem-solving stages and applying them to a future problem. The intervention has been determined to be efficient in decreasing depression and disability in the older population. Relational psychotherapy This kind of therapy has been modified for the older patients with cognitive impairment. The modifications made incorporation of the concerned caregivers into the treatment procedure; joint patient- guardian sessions help advance better understanding, correspondence, and respect. Finally, the therapist will help the (patient and caregiver) adjust to their roles because of the patient has impaired functioning and cognitive deficits (Chen Conwell, 2016). Why Old People are Undiagnosed Older people with depression will present themselves for treatment for physical conditions, as opposed to for the treatment for their state of mind issue like depression. Nevertheless, it is fundamental for nurses to evaluate the patient's state of mind despite presenting symptomatology because mindset autonomously influences normal functioning and can block treatment for therapeutic comorbidities (Canoui, Reinald, Laurent, David Paillaud, 2016). Each medical attendant should ask older patients questions during depression Screen as it will enable them to assess the condition; this takes a little time, and the screen's affectability is high. Some outpatient offices incorporate depression screen on their electronic medicinal record, which is equally essential in follow-up purposes to ensure complete recovery from the condition. In this case, instead of nurses making assumptions on the condition of the patient, they should first screen them to distinguish ailment from depression sympto ms. Further, after an underlying screening, promote assessment and referral will rely on upon the work on the setting. In some cases, the medical attendant will pass on the outcomes to the patient's essential caregiver, who then directs a more broad assessment. In a few settings, the practice convention may require the attendant to continue with the following level of assessment. At times patients will allude to psychological therapists who will help stabilize the mental status of the patient (Connolly Yohannes, 2016). Conclusion The above discussion unites to support the conclusion that depression is not a typical part of aging. Depression is less common in late life than in midlife, with the exception of in a more delimited form. Despite late life depression being less severe, the results can decimate. Depression in older people can be comprehended from a life expectancy formative of the diathesis-stress point of view. Risks and defensive components turn out to be unmistakable in the etiology of depression as they change in recurrence or significance through the span of the life expectancy. Biological risks turn out to be drastically more common in late life, as do certain life occasions, though mental weakness decreases and mental versatility increases. Considering the social and biological difficulties related to old age, the fact that depressive issue turns out to be less as opposed to more predominant in this age group is proof of the significance of protective components. The etiological picture of dep ression in late life is intricate. Late-life depression is portrayed by heterogeneity, with a period of first onset a conceivable marker of etiological contrasts. Depression genes influence early-onset depression, though late onset may speak to either a prodrome of dementia or a physiological or biological reaction to the occasions that are more typical in late life (e.g., physical ailment, deprivation, caregiving). Comorbidity is especially common in late life depression, arising from likely psychological, biological, and social components. In this case, substantial accord with respect to general classes of risky elements for late-life depression, which incorporates most conspicuously neurological vulnerability, physical sickness and disability, and stressful life occasions like mourning and caregiving. Therefore, it is vital for clinicians to differentiate effectively between symptoms of depressions from other illness that is associated to old age. References Baer, R. A. (Ed.). (2015).Mindfulness-based treatment approaches Clinician's guide to evidence base and applications. Academic Press. Connolly, M. J., Yohannes, A. M. (2016). The impact of depression in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma.Maturitas,92, 9-14. Chen, S., Li, W., Conwell, Y. (2016, November). THE PREVALENCE OF DEPRESSION AMONG OLDER PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RURAL CHINA. InGERONTOLOGIST(Vol. 56, pp. 200-200). JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA: OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC. Canoui?Poitrine, F., Reinald, N., Laurent, David, J. P., ... Paillaud, E. (2016). Geriatric assessment findings independently associated with clinical depression in 1092 older patients with cancer: the ELCAPA Cohort Study.Psycho?Oncology,25(1), 104-111. Karlin, B. E., Trockel, M., Brown, G. K., Gordienko, M., Yesavage, J., Taylor, C. B. (2015). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for depression among older versus younger veterans: Results of a national evaluation.The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences,70(1), 3-12. Lac, A., Austin, N., Lemke, R., Poojary, S., Hunter, P. (2017). Association between religious practice and risk of depression in older people in the subacute setting.Australasian Journal on Ageing. Park, M., Reynolds, C. F. (2015). Depression among older adults with diabetes mellitus.Clinics in geriatric medicine,31(1), 117-137. Pachana, N. A., Egan, S. J., Laidlaw, K., Dissanayaka, N., Byrne, G. J., Brockman, S., ... Starkstein, S. (2013). Clinical issues in the treatment of anxiety and depression in older adults with Parkinson's disease.Movement Disorders,28(14), 1930-1934. Rajji, T. K. (2015, May). Preventing Cognitive Decline in Older Patients with Depression using Cognitive Remediation and transcranial Direct Current Stimulation. InBIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY(Vol. 77, No. 9). 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA: ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. Reinald, N., Laurent, M., Guery, E., Caillet, P., David, J. P., ... Paillaud, E. (2016). Geriatric assessment findings independently associated with clinical depression in 1092 older patients with cancer: the ELCAPA Cohort Study.Psycho?Oncology,25(1), 104-111. Shah, A., Scogin, F., Pierpaoli, C. M., Shah, A. (2017). Older adults' attitudes toward depression screening in primary care settings and exploring a brief educational pamphlet.International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. Wuthrich, V. M., Rapee, R. M., Kangas, M., Perini, S. (2016). Randomized controlled trial of group cognitive behavioral therapy compared to a discussion group for co-morbid anxiety and depression in older adults.Psychological medicine,46(04), 785-795

Italian Voice free essay sample

This selection can be found in Teen Ink Love andRelationships, the fourth in the Teen Ink book series, all available inbookstores nationwide and online. Read more about these anthologies that gatheredsome of the best pieces from 12 years of publishing teen writing in Teen Inkmagazine (formerly The 21st Century).

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buy custom Performance Measurement System essay The need for businesses to employ innovative ways to measure their performance rate cannot be underrated. By doing this, companies are guaranteed of short and long-term sustainability, due to improved levels of investor confidence. This paper will critically evaluate on the performance measurement used by Coca Cola Company. For Coca Cola Company, the largest manufacturer, distributor, and seller of non-alcoholic beverages globally, the firm has adopted Total Quality Management System as part of performance measurement. In Coca Cola Company, this system is known as Total Quality Coca-Cola Management System (TQCCMS). TCCQS is the Coca Cola quality management system, which guide and coordinate activities to ensure quality of the products and services is attained. The system indicates environment and quality standards, which define the results of manufacturing operations expected to be gained. The TCCQS modular framework is quality, safety, and environmental facets, where the environmental facet is composed of environmental management system. It is notable that the firm employ process model to improve, implement, and develop the effectiveness of the quality management system. To enhance quality, each department in the Coca Cola Company must maintain, implement, document, and establish the quality management system, as prescribed by TQCCMS. Further, management in the entire organizational unit are supposed to develop a quality statement that suit a given operation method. By employing TQM system, Coca Cola Company have enjoyed various benefits, such as reduced wastages, improved innovation and inventions, reduced operational costs, improved level of customers loyalty among others. The challenges of TQM systems include time wastage during the implementation phase, resistance by employees, high cost of implementation among others. To ensure the effectiveness of TQM approach, the firm has employed various evaluation methods. These include implementation evaluation, impact evaluation, cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis and outcome evaluation. Generally, by using integrated TQM in the recent times, Coca Cola Company has been able to remain profitable, despite the prevailing hard economic times. In the recent times, the competition between firms operating in the similar field has drastically increased. This is attributable to raised technological knowhow, the improved management, reduced barriers of the entry among other notable factors. Therefore, in order for a business to operate in this competitive market environment, the improvement for better solution and critical processes are the key solutions to ensure sustainability. Kotter Cohen (2002, p. 53) indicate that performance measurement (PM) ensures that an organization follows the set strategies, a factor that highly promote a short and long-term growth. PM plays a significant role in maintaining attention to customers requirements as well as competitor actions. In addition, PM ensures a successful implementation of the organization strategies due to the fact that performance indicators used in organizations are based on a CSF (Critical Success Factor) concept. Performance measurement encourages an approach to evaluati ng, sharing, retrieving, capturing, and identifying enterprise information assets. It is notable that the use of information technology has led to the growth of skills, thus exposing handling of the intellectual property collection as well as the distribution of right. To meet the requirements of the society and the customer, performance management is used in line with distribution distributive knowledge management (Li, 2012, p. 1). In most organizations, performance measurement helps in evaluating productivity, efficiency, cycle time, quantity, quality, and costs of services and products in the organization. Similarly, performance measurement is based on quantities analysis where objectives and targets are accessed and established. Another approach for managing and measuring critical processes is the Balance Scorecard (BSC). The approach covers all aspects of stakeholders and organization behaviors such as growth, customers satisfaction, and customers expectation among others. To enhance the Balance Scorecard methodology, clear strategies, mission statement, and vision of the organization need to be analyzed (Anderson, Rungtusanatham and Schroeder, 1994, p. 88). Distributed Knowledgeable Performance Management System (DKPMS) () is the best approach to use in an organization in this era of data and technology. To ensure effectiveness of the development and the evaluation, there are two frameworks that are used, which include implementation and enabling factors. In terms of performance measures, DKPMS has different uses, which include making decisions, reporting, analyzing, and collecting information regarding all the processes. DKPMS is effective in transforming quality management culture in an organization. Additionally, DKPMS has several advantages during the quality information provision. They include continuous improvement, visibility, precise and correct clarity and timeliness (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 50). The Coca-Cola Company, founded in 1886, is one of the worlds largest manufacturers, distributors, and marketer s of non-alcoholic beverages and has over 300 brands of beverages. The company headquarter is based in Atlanta, Georgia, the U.S.A., and operates in more than 200 countries worldwide. The company mission is to refresh the world, to instigate moments of happiness and confidence and to make a difference and create value. To enhance the growth, the firm has implemented quality assurance to its services and products, thus enhancing customers satisfaction. The mission statement of the company declares its purpose and serves as the standard alongside decision and actions. The Coca-Cola Company has several values, which serve as the scope of its actions. The values include quality, diversity, passion, accountability, integrity, collaboration, and leadership. One reason for the sustainable business growth in the Coca-Cola Company is through understanding the customers local culture such as relaxation activities, recreation and work activities adopted. Likewise, the company contributes back to the community by assisting them in diversity, environment, wellness, health, and education. To improve the quality of their product, the company has adopted Total Quality Coca-Cola Management System (TQCCMS). This paper will discuss the implementation of Total Quality Management System on business performance in the Coca-Cola Company. The case study will candidly explain how Total Quality Management System was developed, frameworks used, customer strategies, customers requirements, performance indicators, as well as the processes used. Quality Evolution in the Coca Cola Company Coca Cola introduced its products in glass bottles in 1899. However, the company has unified different designs of the bottle, which has increased its market growth. Likewise, the company has diversified its brands since its evolution. For instance, in the 1980s, the firm launched a new brand extension, which had different flavors, such as caffeine free coke, cherry coke and diet coke. In the 1990s, the company expanded its package, processes, and products. Having the best quality of beverage products has helped the company to stay apart with the competitors such as Pepsi among other emerging competitors. The approach to manage quality was developed in the mid-1990s due to change in the market place. The company developed a quality management system in 1995 referred to as TCCQS (The Coca-Cola Quality System) (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 90). TCCQS is the Coca Cola quality management system that helps to guide and coordinate its activities to ensure quality of the products which is achieved. The system indicates environment and quality standards which define the results of manufacturing operations expected to be gained. To enhance quality, TCCQS must keep pace with the market place conditions, industry practices, quality management methods, as well as new regulations. Food safety is important for the products; hence, there is a need to create awareness to the supply and manufacturing departments in the company. TCCQS must be up to date with manufacturing practices by improving the requirements. The Coca Cola Company is working for a consumer and customers satisfaction. Additionally, the company is responsible for the citizens of the world, making TCCQS crucial in providing a framework for environmental, and safety stewardship (Li, 2012, P. 1). There are different improvements for the managing system quality implementation as TCCQS evolved. One of the improvements is the provision to external resources such as auditing and training when addressing Coca Cola requirements. The second improvement is being in alignment with external recognized standards. The third improvement is the evolvement of a structure which is modular, streamlined, and simplified. Likewise, evolution of this system enabled the improvement of business excellence and performance in several ways. Firstly, it helped in designing tools and methodologies for problem solving to improve continuously. Secondly, it assisted in incorporating Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) to Quality Management System. Thirdly, it assisted in planning new products and services by including rigorous demands. Fourthly, the evolution has the integrated preventive action for managing. Fifthly, it has demonstrated the active involvement of the top management in managi ng quality in every department unit. Sixthly, it has helped in aligning and integrating quality and business objectives to the monitor performance with metrics (Neely, 1998, p. 55). TCCQS Modular Framework The framework core of the system is quality, safety, and environmental facets. This is due to the fact that the framework allows business units to align with it. The third evolution of the TCCQS model has four layers, which include promise, control, assurance, and policy. The pyramid has the same components parts for facet such that each management system is dependent on one another. For instance, the environmental management system is supported by performance requirements. The diagram below shows the model framework of TCCQS. (Neely, 1998, P. 53) The facet has four layers. The first layer is the promise. The Coca Cola Company has promised to refresh and benefit the customer. This is supported by the company mission statement |To refresh the world (Li, 2012, P. 1). This layer is supported by the entire three facets in the framework. The second layer is the policy. The layer comprises of a policy statement. The policies found in this layer are the safety policy and the environmental policy. The third layer is as the assurance (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 61). The layer comprises of management systems which are designed to ensure the effective control of activities. Similarly, it ensures that the performance requirements are met. On the quality facet, the system has the Quality Management System. The system meets the requirements needed for the ISO standard certification. The Coca Cola ISO standard is 9001:2000. The standard embodies the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) management system, which qualifies the food safety standard. This has assisted the company in staying up the market since the system has all the requirements for food safety governing. Additionally, the quality management system features Coca Cola elements like the Crisis resolution and the incident management. The environmental facet has the Environmental management system. The system has a similar focus with the Quality Management System facet. The environmental system has ensured the Coca Cola Company meets the requirements to be awarded ISO Standard 14001:1996. The Safety Management System has the facet for safety and loss prevention. The system meets the necessities for OHSAS 18001:1999 standard. Coca Cola was awarded all these standards by international registrars Lloyds Register Quality Assurance (LRQA) and Societe Generale de surveillance- international Certification Services (SGS-ICS) (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 59) . The fourth layer is the control. The Coca Cola Company ensures that all the products are controlled, tested, and inspected to ensure quality products. The control services offered by the system include good environmental practices, cleaning, sanitizing methods, and good manufacturing techniques. Scope The TCCQS scope has benefited from evolution 3. The framework model shows the testing and manufacturing operations. The company organization units and departments are required to adhere to all the regulations of the model despite its size or type. This is to ensure that all the outputs meet the requirements of the customer. Evolution 3 changes the scope of the traditional manufacturing supply chain into three categories. These categories include inbound, transformation, and outbound. Inbound refers to gaining of raw materials. Transformation refers to conversation of raw materials gathered in to usable marketable products. The outbound category refers to how the marketable products are warehoused, distributed, and marketed. Process Model The Coca Cola Company used process the model to improve, implement, and develop the effectiveness of the quality management system. The model controls individuals on how they interact and combine with each other. This increases the ability of the company to satisfy the customers. The diagram below illustrates the Coca Cola quality management process model. (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 66) The Coca Cola Company has existed to refresh and benefit everybody. The quality of products should be measured and tasted. This will enhance the quality and keep the business as per the objectives. Consumers ofnon-alcoholic beverages have always chosen the Coca Cola Company products because of the following reasons. Firstly, the company has a symbol of quality, which attracts the consumers. Secondly, the company product satisfies the. Thirdly, the company is responsible for the citizens by ensuring the products fit for human consumption as well as being healthy products. Quality Management System Each department in the Coca Cola Company must maintain, implement, document, and establish the quality management system. In addition, the system must meet all the required standards for implementation. The quality management system was developed by the company to enhance the market hence boost sales. Likewise, the system was introduced to control leadership in the company to ensure effective running of the business across the world (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 63). Objectives and Goals of the Quality Management System A business plan must be developed by each organizational unit in the company. The business plan comprises of goals and objectives. These will enhance organization improvement hence good effective of the system. Once the system is implemented, it is monitored to ensure the performance is in line with the objectives. The top management communicates to the employees about the business plans in every organization unit. Likewise, the progress must be communicated to the employees regularly. During business planning, there are procedures to be considered. Firstly, the factors for organizational unit success must be determined. Secondly, safety, environmental, economic, and financial factors on the organizational unit should be assessed. Thirdly, the external and internal risks factors should be accessed as well as ways to manage the risks. Fourthly, the needs and the human resource capabilities should be analyzed. Further, the needs, the availability of resources, and the quality capabilit ies should be determined. Generally, the metrics and objectives of the organization unit should be distinguished to help in determining the system type to set up. The objectives should be consistent and measurable with a quality statement. The Coca Cola Company top managers in each organizational unit must plan the quality management system and its integrity to ensure it meets the company objectives (The Coca Cola Company; Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 68). Responsibility of the Management The management in the organizational unit must develop a quality statement that suit an operations method. There are several ways in which the management shows a support to the development of the system. One way is to ensure appropriate resources for the system which are available. Another way is to establish a quality statement that ensures that metrics and objectives are established. Similarly, they act as a mode of communication to the company on necessity to meet the customers satisfaction. Consequently, they ensure HACCP is maintained and implemented in the distribution and manufacturing operations. Likewise, they conduct management reviews as well as ensuring that the customers requirements are met and understood (Neely 1998, p. 53). Resources required to design the system should be determined to ensure a quality system is developed and implemented. This will also assist in improving the quality and effectiveness of the system. The quality statement must be documented and established by the top management. There are different qualities of a good quality statement. Firstly, the statement purpose should be appropriate to the organizational unit. Secondly, the statement should include a commitment to fulfill the requirements hence improve the effectiveness of the Quality management system. Thirdly, it should have a commitment to the food safety. The top management has the role to appoint a supervisor to manage the system development. The supervisor will ensure the system is established, implemented, and maintained as per the processes. Additionally, the supervisor is required to r eport to the top management on the system performance as well as the need for improvement. Moreover, the supervisor should ensure that promotion awareness is available. The management of organizational unit must review and analyze the system at different intervals. There are different inputs summarized by the management for analysis. One of the inputs is the HACCP plan validation and the audit result. Another output is the consumer and the customer feedback. This will help in reviewing the system for changes to ensure it meet the customers satisfaction. The data product and the performance process are the another outputs that should be reviewed. Another output to be reviewed is corrective and preventive actions as well as follow up actions. Likewise, changes that are applied to the system should be reviewed as well as need for a change to make it better (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 65). In addition, the recommendations that have been subjected should be reviewed to improve the quality of the system. Decisions concerning the system must be reviewed by the management to avert the risks that might affect the system. The management reviews must document all their findings for reviewing during the system change. Documents used to develop the quality system for the Coca Cola Company must be documented properly as per the standards. The documents should be numbered, approved, reviewed, and updated as well as being distributed properly to the employees in the departments. Development and Design To develop the Coca Cola Company quality system, the management planned the design first. The plan had the development stages as well as design of the system. Relevant authorities were designated for the development and the design. There was a clear communication between the developers of the system in all the organizational departments in the Coca Cola Company. This ensures that the designers are up to date with the development progress. The development gathered all the requirements which were required by the developers. The top management in the entire organizational department purchased for the materials required to ensure they were available to the developers. This ensured the system was completed in time hence easier implementation of the system. The management reviewed the system by the end of each stage to ensure that it meets all the requirements and objectives of the Coca Cola Company. The documents of all the stages at which the system was developed were documented properly for the future reference in case of the change need (Neely, 1998, p. 93). Once the design process was complete, the system was reviewed, validated, and verified before the implementation. This was done in correspondence to the objectives set during system planning. Likewise, the system was approved as per the standard of ISO certification of Quality. Consequently, the system was implemented for the use by the Coca Cola Company. To ensure effective use of the system, the Coca Cola management has developed and designed changes. The changes documentation has been recorded and identified properly for the future reviews. The changes constitute products and parts that have been delivered to the customers and the feedback that has been received from them. This ensures the company stays up of the competitors in the market. The company has also maintained action and changes, hence satisfying the customers. The measures that were taken by the Coca Cola Company were effective. There are several advantages which resulted from the system. One of the advantages is that the system has helped the Coca Cola Company to compete with its competitors (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 49). The system has helped in the improvement of the quality of their products by ensuring the customers are satisfied. Another advantage is commercialization of products in every department; it has ensured effective merchandising, distribution, and manufacture of new products. Likewise, the system has boosted the advertising of the products, hence making the customers aware of the new products in the market. The feedbacks use from the customers has helped the managers in the organization to review the system and to make changes which increase the sale of the products. In addition, the system has helped the Coca Cola Company to determine its safety problems faster, hence enhancing effectiveness. Another advantage is the evolvement of new brands in the market. This has increased the market of the Coca Cola Company. This has helped the company to produce quality brands of beverages due to the quality and the assurance department model. Advantages and Disadvantages of the TQM System in the Coca Cola Company As clearly stated above, the Total Quality Management System is one of the systems which improves continuously all the work force in any business, ranging from managers and directors to those workers who are involved in the production line. The main focus of this improvement programs is to raise the service delivery level to the customers as well as reduce wastes in any given firm. It is notable that TQM requires the management to get everything right from the first time as well as to continuously improve all the business production. This way, the firm is able to deal with all the upcoming challenges, especially those arising from technological changes, hence remaining profitable both in the short and long-run. Anderson, Rungtusanatham, and Schroeder (1994, p. 34) argue that there are two major characteristics of the TQM. These are focus on delivering quality services to the customers and systematic problem solving, which involves the front line workers. For multinational companies, such as the Coca Cola Company, the implementations of the TQM approach to management have had several advantages and disadvantages. One of the main advantages of the TQM approach adoption in the Coca Cola Company is the ability to reduce the overall cost of production. Neely (1998, p. 10) indicates that since the onset of the global financial crises, most of the global companies have been forced to reduce their operation costs in order to maintain a healthy growth rate. For instance, in 2008, the U.S. government was forced to bail out major firms, such as General Motors among others, due to the failure of these firms to adopt sustainable management systems. It is notable that the TQM programs enormously eliminat e wastes and defects, which reduce the overall production costs in any given firm, such as the Coca Cola Company. As a result of adopting the TQM approach in most of its enterprises, the Coca Cola Company is currently seeking to save more than $ 600 million by 2015. To achieve this, the firm will start to streamline all its technology systems, standardize business operations, as well as make all its global supply chain systems more efficient. Further, the firm expects the overall cost of integrating the Coca Cola Refreshment Unit to reduce by approximately 15% to $425 million. By reducing the operational costs, the firm will be able to reinvest into notable areas, such as marketing as well as offsetting the raised costs of commodities like packaging, corn syrup, juices among others. In the Coca cola Company, the quality improvement teams, headed by Muhtar Kent, the firms CEO, have been able to eliminate defects, to lower lead time and to indentify all the redundancies involved in the production processes. This way, the firm has been able to maintain high profitability levels, despite the raised global market volatility. The other advantage of the TQM approach is to encourage innovation and invention in any given business. In the recent years, it has become essential for businesses to remain innovative in order to remain relevant, both in the short and long-run. Neely (1998, P. 32) candidly indicates that organizations can tackle innovation and invention by developing or copying their own innovation. The second strategy is useful in those firms which enjoy competitive advantages, like easy access to the required raw materials, low wages, and protected markets among others. However, in order for a firm to obtain the desired competitive advantage, the first strategy should be embraced. For the multinational companies, such as British Airways and the Coca Cola Company, this approach is not only valid for innovations in processes and products but also for innovations in the management. It is extremely notable that multinational companies can easily apply these two strategies if the TQM is adopted. Firms applying the TQM approach are able to assimilate all innovations which are imported from other situations. This is due to the willingness of the employees to adopt new ideas and concepts which are promoted by the TQM approach. As stipulated by Anderson, Rungtusanatham, and Schroeder (1994, p. 37), one of the key elements of the TQM approach is the enormous need for sufficient customer focus. For instance, a company such as Coca Cola has indentified current and future needs of the consumers loyalty as well as the satisfaction levels. It is estimated that the Coca Cola Company is one of the global firms which enjoys the highest customer loyalty, estimated to be over 90%. Other companies, which enjoy such high loyalty levels, include technology companies like Apple Inc., Google inc. and other social media firms, such as Twitter, Facebook and MySpace. As a result of enhancing the customers satisfaction levels, the Coca Cola Company has been able to maintain a recommendable net income. This is due to the fact that 20% of the net income generated by the firm is obtained from 80% of the loyal customers. In future, the global consumers will become enormously demanding, especially with the development of quality management approaches in most less-advanced economies, such as China, South-East Asia, and South America countries. Neely (1998, p. 71) argues that any changes have to be clearly undertaken with the customers needs in mind, hence the TQM approach will stimulate the desired bbusiness innovations. The other advantage of the total quality management system is to empower the employees. It is notable that one of the philosophies of the TQM approach is to empower all employees in order to seek out quality problems as well as to correct them. Within the old concept of quality, most employees were afraid to identify their problems due to the fear that the senior management might reprimand them. Consequently, productivity levels greatly reduced as the needs and challenges facing the employees were not solved on time (Westin, 1998, p. 55). However, TQM, the new quality concept, offers incentives for all the employees to indentify and solve their problems. This is due to the fact that employees are rewarded due to their ability to uncover quality problems and not punished. For the Coca Cola Company, workers are empowered to make decisions, relative to the quality involved in the production process. In other words, the firm considers employees as a key element for the company to achieve the desired production quality. Therefore, their contributions to the firm are highly valued, thus their viable suggestions are implemented. To further stress on the role played by employees in enhancing quality, TQM helps to differentiate between the internal and external customers. The internal customers are those employees in the firm who receive services or goods from others in the organization. For instance, the packaging department in the firm, such as the Coca Cola Company, is an internal customer of the transport and assembly department. Just like defective products or services can not be passed to the external customers, they should also not be passed to the internal customers. On the other hand, the external customers are those customers who buy products or services from the given firm. For instance, the Coca Cola Company sells more than 400 brands to customers in over 190 countries. Th is has enabled the firm to serve more than 1 million customers on daily basis, thus making the firm to be the largest non-alcoholic beverage company globally. By employing a PDSA ((Plan, Do, Study, Act) cycle in its operations, the Coca Cola Company has been able to reap ample benefits out of the TQM system. The diagram below indicates the main elements of the PDSA cycle (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 58) As a result of the total quality management system adaptation, the Coca Cola Company has faced various challenges. One of the challenges of the TQM approach is the production disruption. It is clear that the TQM system implementation in any given firm demands an extensive training of all the employees. The training includes instructions in the problem solving methods as well as tools. This is crucial in evaluating processes as well as indentifying weaknesses, like the statistical process control, brainstorming techniques among others. During the training period, productivity levels can highly reduce, thus affecting the profitability levels and the investors confidence to the firm. Further, meetings organized by the quality improvement teams take employees from their duties. Generally, it can be noted that while the overall improvements eliminate wastage, reduce lead time as well as improve on productivity, the initial phase of the TQM implementation in organizations, such as Coca Col a, enormously reduces the workers output. The other disadvantage of the TQM system is the raised level of employee resistance to change. Anderson, Rungtusanatham, and Schroeder (1994, p. 77) argue that the TQM system requires ample changes in altitude, mindset, as well as methods of carrying out the assigned tasks. One of the factors essential in reducing the resistance of employees to change is through the effective communication from the top management, failure to which the employees end up being fearful, hence raising their resistance levels. When the employees resist the TQM program, their productivity, and morale towards the business is reduced significantly. As indicated above, TQM demands for organizational changes, rather than radical organizational reforms. It is evident that the real quality improvements demands for radical structural changes, like flattening organizational structures .Further, employees ought to be liberated from tyranny of functionalisms and stifling control systems, both of which hinder the effe ctive teamwork in most workplaces. Generally, the long-term advantages of the TQM system highly outweigh the shortcomings. Therefore, the system should be implemented by those organizations which yearn for changes, especially the multinational organizations which deal with employees from various cultural backgrounds. Evaluation of the Total Quality Measurement System According to Kotter Cohen (2002, p. 108), evaluation is the systematic determination of the worth, merit or significance of the task being undertaken using given criteria against a certain set of standards. Performance measurement aims to establish on whether a certain program attains its objectives, which is expressed as a measurable performance standard. Program evaluation highly examines on the broader range of information regarding the program performance as well as its context (Kotter Cohen, 2002, p. 13). Depending on their level of focus, evaluation can examine aspects of program operations, or issues in the program environment, which may contribute or impede to its success. This way, it becomes easy to explain a linkage between the program activities, inputs, outputs, as well as outcomes. Alternatively, the system or program evaluation can assess the effects of the program beyond its set objectives as well as estimate what is likely to happen in the absence of the program. T herefore, leaders and managers can be able to asses the net impact of the system or program. The importance of evaluating the certain performance measurement impact being undertaken by a firm cannot be underrated. Performance system is a type of measurement for control. Measurement and evaluation are important as they help in assessing performance against the set plans, thus being able to correct any deviation. In this regard, evaluation is concerned with all the past data as well as the current implications. Measurement and evaluation are also crucial for accountability purposes. For instance, in the Coca Cola Company, the raising powers and concerns of customers, suppliers, shareholders among other stakeholders, as well as the ways in which their respective powers continue to drastically change, have resulted to a raised demand for accountability. Therefore, accountability is a field of the performance measurement that has an enormous significance, as it is constantly changing in nature. In this regard, the TQM system evaluation is concerned with accountability as compared to accounting. Performance measurement and evaluation are also crucial in the strategy formulation. Anderson, Rungtusana tham, and Schroeder (1994, p. 41) argue that evaluation for the strategy formulation is basically concerned with predictions. When developing its strategies, the Coca Cola Company should select a range of alternative courses of actions, especially those which are close to the current and future constraints and circumstances facing the firm. In making this selection, the Coca Cola Company must have a well-known means of evaluating all the available alternatives, in whatever terms considered relevant and appropriate. It is notable that a state-of-the-art system for measuring and evaluating performance should monitor all the vital signs of the organization. For instance, in each level, the TQM system adopted by the Coca Cola Company, should translate the high vision of the firm into individual performance measures. This way, TQM will be able to support a competitive spirit, to highlight excellence, to offer a foundation for the continuous improvement. There are different ways in which the impact of the TQM system adopted by Coca Cola can be evaluated, thus understanding its importance to the company. One of the methods that can be employed is the process evaluation, also known as the implementation evaluation. This is a type of evaluation that accesses the extent which program is operating as initially intended to. By employing this method, it will be able to assess the conformance of TQM to the regulatory and statutory requirements, the customer expectations, as well as the professional standards. The other method of evaluating the performance of the TQM system in the Coca Cola Company is through the outcome evaluation. In this method of evaluation, the extent to which the TQM system has achieved its outcome-oriented targets will be assessed. Anderson, Rungtusanatham, and Schroeder (1994, p. 22) argue that the outcome evaluation focuses on outcomes and outputs, including the unintended effects in judging the effectiveness of the program. Further, it may assess a program process, thus being able to know how outcomes are produced. The impact evaluation is the other way in which the effectiveness of the TQM system in the Coca Cola Company may be assessed. This is a type of the outcome evaluation that assesses the overall effects of the system by comparing outcomes with what would have taken place in the absence of the system or program. It is highly notable that this type of evaluation is mostly employed when all the external factors are known to influence the outcomes of the system, thus isolating the contribution of the system to achievements of its objectives. The other method that can be used is the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. These types of analysis compare the outcomes or outputs with the costs or resources expended, in order to produce them. When these two methods are applied for the existing programs, they also form a part of the system evaluation. The cost-effectiveness analysis measures the cost of meeting a single objective or a goal; thus it can be employed when indentifying the least costly alternatives of meeting the desired goals or objectives. On the other hand, the cost-benefit analysis helps to indentify all the relevant benefits and costs, which are usually expressed in monetary value. For the Coca Cola Company, there are several techniques employed to evaluate the success of the set performance management technique. In order to enhance quality management of the available resources, every organization unit is supposed to implement audit procedures, thus being able to asses the intent, effectiveness and implementation of the quality system. To measure the effectiveness of the audit procedures, each of the departments is supposed to determine the person who is responsible for carrying out the audit activities, such as the required competency; the auditors are required to be independent and are not supposed to audit their work. Further, every department should have a documented schedule, which defines the auditing frequency. This schedule should take into consideration the results of the former audits. For all internal audits, the auditing schedule should ensure that every element of the quality system is thoroughly reviewed annually. Improving the Total Quality Management System The need for improving the management system adopted by the Coca Cola Company cannot be underrated. This is due to the fact that it is a key ingredient to a short and long-term sustainability of the firm; hence, it should be improved from time to time to counter the emerging management challenges. Anderson, Rungtusanatham, and Schroeder (1994, p. 12) argue that the key to any improved performance measurement is the growth of integrated performance measurement systems. The integrated systems revolve around unified themes like a value creation or a business strategy. They are highly concerned with evaluating the critical aspects of structures, which link processes in the firm and activities of the people to the overall intended outcomes for the firms stakeholders. In most cases, integrated systems represent the quality concerns during production, the level of customers satisfaction, the monetary discipline of accounting among other notable corporate sub-systems. The sophisticated structure of an integrated performance system is extremely beneficial to the management; though, it does not eliminate various basic difficulties regarding performance measurement. It should be noted that businesses, especially those having international interests, are enormously complex organizations. Therefore, they offer more opportunities for measurements than can be well employed by the management. In spite of all the difficulties, which face integrated performance management, the benefits far outweigh the expected costs. In regard to this, an improved measurement system, such as TQM, helps in aligning the people actions people in the organization, thus ensuring that employees work together in accomplishing the intended goals. Generally, the unified system of measurement helps in creation of a single version of the truth. This way, it becomes possible for the management and leaders to avoid workplace misunderstanding as well as conflicts arising from inappropri ate data or inconsistent data. Further, by establishing the integrated TQM system in the Coca Cola Company, it will be possible to motivate employee by conveying an enormous sense of logic and fairness in the score keeping. Employees will be able to seek to perform their best, bearing in mind that the integrated TQM will impartially and accurately measure the contributions they make to the firm as well as the extent of their respective success levels. From the above information, it is clear that the importance of an effective performance management system to the overall sustainability of a given firm cannot be underrated. By employing the TQM system in measuring as well as evaluating its performance management, the Coca Cola Company has been able to involve all the stakeholders, thus boosting the firm net profitability over years, despite the prevailing hard economic times globally. In future, companies should adopt the integrated performance measurement as it has more returns as compared to the traditional systems. This way, they will be able to ensure a short and long-term sustainability. Buy custom Performance Measurement System essay

Historical Definition of Globalization Assignment

Historical Definition of Globalization - Assignment Example Nevertheless, there are other different factors that have shaped globalization and define its historical development. One such factor is political. Political systems have promoted, hindered, and regulated trade both today and in the past. Establishment of legal systems, regulatory bodies, and institutions that hinder or serve the development of international trade and solve disputes between conflicting nations has long historical roots (Wright, 2015). In addition, exposure of different regions to political systems and forces in the past was a major determinant of the growth or failure of the process of economic globalization. Case in point, Wright (2015) shows how the Mandinka and Islam contributed to the incorporation and exposure of the Niumi into the global system. The political influences of the Mandinka and Islam in the trans-Saharan trade framework contributed to the strengthening of the Niumi Polity (Wright, 2015). The Portuguese arrival further allowed for entry of the Niumi into trade across the Atlantic complex. Non-economic globalization can also be defined in the form of social and cultural integration. There are four streams of current global culture which have significant historical roots: global academic culture, global business culture, popular religious culture, and popular secular culture (Wright, 2015). Social and cultural interactions have led to the development of a global civil society in which individuals and communities share social and religious perspectives.

Industry, Ideology, and their Global Impact, 1700-1912 Assignment - 1

Industry, Ideology, and their Global Impact, 1700-1912 - Assignment Example Because of industrialization, the western managed to acquire even more validation to extend their imperialism motives to other states, which were weaker than they were. They were in a position to offer advanced health care and education which in turn they used as an excuse to take over other states which were not as industrialized as they were (Wake field university, n.d). The West was also experiencing the need to extend its market for their excess production due to industrial intensification that produced more than its population could use. This further encouraged them to colonizing other states to ensure market for their extensive production as well as obtain raw materials. Infrastructural progress was also evident due to industrial revolution (Shillington, 2013). This meant that the western states were in a position to access other regions that had not experienced industrialization. Hence, gave them immense influence over them leading to colonization. The West saw other regions as a source of raw materials for their continuously expanding industries (Shillington, 2013). Because of this, the western states colonized these states so that they could freely gain access to these raw materials without any hindrances. Less civilized especially Africa and Asia regions during then was green market for investment as well as cheap unswerving labor (Shillington, 2013). This significantly influenced the then colonial activities by the West to advance respective economical benefits. Other than the economic reasons that were because of industrialization, Shillington (2013) asserts there were aspects like need for international power and security. Because of industrialization, these states were in a position to acquire better machinery and weapons. This sequentially made them feel superior thus had to colonize (Luscombe, 2012). One of the main reasons that made the European armies conquer the native resistance so

Communications Plan _ Context Analysis _ Promotional Objectives _ Assignment

Communications Plan _ Context Analysis _ Promotional Objectives _ Marketing Communications Strategies _ Promotional Mix - Assignment Example An effective communication plan acts as a guide to the marketing managers in the company to maintain a better cooperative relationship with the targeted customer group through an enhanced ability to suffice customer needs (Lyles, 2002). It is also argued to be an effective tool to build trust amid the customer groups, which not only stimulates greater volume of customers purchasing the offered service/product, but also ensures long-run stability in the organisation-client relationship (Andersen, 2001). Context Analysis Cambridge Science Pharmaceuticals (CSP), as an international healthcare company, puts principle emphasis on marketing, manufacturing and developing medicinal products that treat gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic disorders, and immune deficiencies along with other chronic and acute medical conditions. Notably, the study in Quelch & Beckham (2010) reflects that majority of the US residents are facing problems related to overweight and obesity, which includes almost ev ery age group with dissimilar perceptions. This rating apparently advocated that one of the major causes for the preventable death toll in the US was diseases of health issues resulting from overweightedness and obesity. It is worth mentioning in this context that with the research conducted by CSP’s Senior Director of Marketing, Barbara Printup, overweight was related to a number of serious health complications about which, the common public was becoming increasingly aware of, taking measures to avoid these hazards. All these factors undoubtedly presented a promising scenario as much as the demand for a weight-loss safe drug was concerned (Quelch & Beckham, 2010). However, the study shows that there were many drugs being circulated around the market to suffice the demand for weight-loss drugs in the US. For example, Alli, a weight-loss drug product, was launched in the US market in 2008 after its approval by the FDA. The product was failed to capture the market because of ne gative side effects, directly hampering the gastrointestinal conditions of the regular consumers. On the other hand, other Over-The-Counter (OTC) weight-loss solutions focused on their capabilities to serve with minimum side-effect assurance, being based on herbal ingredients such as green tea extract, hoodia and chromium. These products were categorised as herbal or dietary supplements by the FDA, which even though ensured minimum side-effects, but were massively slow in yielding faster results (Quelch & Beckham, 2010). Based on the arguments, it becomes explicit that even if the market presented a promising opportunity for the weight-loss drug, it also had its unique barriers of side-effects and faster results. Correspondingly, Metabical possessed some negative effects, which can hamper its market presence and long-run success potentials subjected to the effectiveness of the marketing strategies used for its launch (Quelch & Beckham, 2010). Promotional Objectives As mentioned in Q uelch & Beckham (2010), the final launch of Metabical was pending on the year 2009, in the month of January, following its approval by the FDA. Correspondingly, CSP had a year to program its promotional strategies. The promotional objectives, thereby determined by Printup on behalf of CSP’s Metabical were targeted to both the end consumers and the health care providers who shall be a pivotal participant in the communication plan. The foremost

Impact of Junk Food on Health

Impact of Junk Food on Health Junk Food Impact on Health Junk foods are called fast foods. As the name says they are easy to prepare and can be consumed very quickly. They are low in nutritional value and have fat, salt etc. in it that cause ill effect on consumer’s health.. The term ‘Junk food’ was coined by Michael Jacobson, director of Center for Science in 1972 in the public interest to raise attention among people about the issue of junk foods that has high calories and a lack nutritional value. Junk food contains sugar in high quantity, trans fat, polyunsaturated fat salt and numerous food additive such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) etc. and lack healthy nutrients that are required by body like protein, vitamin and fiber etc. They are popular because it requires a very simple process to manufacture and to consume. It is also popular because their taste and has a long shelf life which may not require refrigeration. It is quite popular in the developed countries like USA, Canada etc. because of a fast lifestyle. The junk food advertising also plays important role in its popularity. It should be avoided at all cost because it lacks energy and important nutrients required by the body and also has many health effects too. Eliminating the temptation for junk food and developing the awareness for health fitness like going to gym regularly and banning junk foods in schools can be helping in avoid the junk food and also shifting to the healthy foods can help in avoiding it. In the UK, the food standards agency do not use the term ‘junk food ‘and describe food ‘HFSS’ (high fat, sugar or salt). They state that has foods can form part of a balanced diet, but research show that children diet contain too much fat (especially trans fat) salt and suger. Americans eat the most fast food, but the Japanese spend the most on take away (home delivery) according to a research conducted by Euro-monitor International. The high level of per capita consumption demonstrates the importance of fast food in life style in these countries. Burger dominates the US fast food industry as it taking more than half of total fast food expenditure. There are many types of junk foods available in the market like sodas, pizzas, burgers sandwiches and French fries etc. They are many companies that provide these foods like McDonald’s, Burger King, and KFC etc. There are some foods like cheese chili, pav bhaji and gyro though they are not considered as fast foods but it contain less nutritional value and are made in oils as a result of that it can be considered as junk food. Similarly during the breakfast time some people like to eat cereals and considered them healthy but it contains high quantity of salt, sugar and fat as a result of that it could trigger various problems and has long time effects. Junk food Facts and Marketing According to the article published in US News on 11/5/2013 different facts related to marketing like In 2012 the fast food industry spent $4.6 billion to advertise junk food and the main audience was children and teen. A report by Yale shows that in 2013 33% of children consumed fast food and whereas 41% of teens ate fast food. The most worry some was everyday day it contribute an increase of 126 calorie in kids and whereas in teens it is 310. There are different ways to advertise fast food like TV ads social media and mobile ads. According to the report out of 5,427 meal combinations of junk food only 33 met recommended nutritional standards. There are different marketing strategies that junk food companies follow to promote it. Many of the companies like subway, McDonald’s etc. offer loyalty programs. This is the most important way how they advertise it. It is based on the frequency you buy it and based on that you get a gift after some frequent visits like get a free meal etc. Another strategy they use is termed as Collectibles. With this they get customer particularly that children watch and enjoy. What they do is they find movies , cartoons and when parents buy kids meal, they provide a free gift as a result people do come back to collect all the collectibles. They also use societal marketing. According to Assistant Professor of clinical marketing in University of Southern California Lars Perner says â€Å"social marketing is designed more for getting ideas across than making sales†. With the help of this consumers that relate to ideas patronize fast food restaurant in turn. Problems related with Junk foods They are many problems related to junk food: High in Fat Content: Junk foods like pizzas, chips, sandwiches etc contain high quantity of saturated fats. They fats are not easy to digest as a result of that it gets accumulated as a result of that people gain weight which results in over weight leading to obesity. All this could trigger many problems related to heart and high blood pressure etc. High salt Content: Fast foods contain salt in more quantity as required by the body. Salt results in increase of blood pressure. Too much salt is not good for body as result of people might suffer from hypertension. High sugar content: Sodas and biscuits etc. contain sugar. Everyone likes sweet taste but sugar has its own disadvantages like too much sugar rots the teeth and could trigger a lot of tooth problems like ache etc. Excessive amount of sugar increase the sugar content in the body and as a result of that people could suffer from diabetes. I personally feel that it contains sugar , salt and fat that is needed but in contrast to that it contains in excess quantity as a result of that people suffer from it. Why junk foods are popular There was a research conducted in 2005 in Minneapolis area were 600 people were interviewed and was found that there are multiple reasons why people prefer it. The chart is based on the 600 people that was interviewed in the Minneapolis in 2005 and was published on the webmd.com by Miranda Hilti. Due to following reasons people prefer junk food over homemade nutritious diet: Time: People are addicted to eat junk food in spite of knowing its harmful effects because it is easy to prepare and can be consumed very quickly. It saves a lot of time and as it is cooked in oil and contains sugar and salt, is added it to its taste. We eat it while going for job or when we do not want to cook or while watching movies etc. Taste: Moreover not only time but also its taste because of salt , sugar and oil, people prefer it. Junk foods like chips and biscuits etc do not require to be refrigated and can be put on shell. So it has more shelf life. Junk food packing is so simple that it could be transported from one place to another easily and hustles free as compared to perishable foods. Junk foods are cheap as compared to homemade food. Harmful effects of Junk food: Obesity: When people are having excess fat or weight, then person is termed as obese and is suffering from obesity. It is a global problem. Based on the research it is found that 33% of the people in the US are suffering from it. Medically normal body mass indes should be between 20-25. But when it is more than it person is termed as overweight. But when person has BM I of 30 or more than he is suffering from Obesity. All this is caused because of trans fat in the junk food. Diabetes: Junk food contains high amount of sugar as a result of it people could suffer from it. It is of 2 types Type 1 and Type 2. Type 2 is caused because of junk food consumption. Hypertension: High amount of salt is present in junk food. As a result of that when people consume junk food it increase the blood pressure of the body. Excessive amount of salt in body could lead to hypertension, which could trigger many other problems related to the heart and obesity is also a cause of it. Heart Problems: Junk food fats get clotted in the heart arteries which could increase the chances of heart attack. It takes more time to treat it and is medically expensive. Cavities: The junk food gets accumulated on tooth spaces as a result of that it forms plague and ultimately causes cavities. This is quite popular among children. It could also trigger kidney diseases related to renal or polyuria because of salt and sugar present in junk food Junk food contains artificial flavors and preservatives which could cause asthma. Junk food is prepared with lot of additives and chemicals and some people can get allergic to it and it cause skin problems like rashes etc. Overweight people could suffer from digestive cancers as well. Moreover the junk foods makers do not do anything for healthy living and people could also suffer from digestive problems like food poisoning etc. Reasons to avoid it: Lack of energy: In order to remain healthy body requires vitamins , minerals , proteins etc but junk foods lacks all these which leads to weakness in people. Poor Concentration: This is also caused result of junk food. Some people eat a lot and because of that there is lack of oxygen , nutrients which makes people dowsy and other problems. High Cholesterol: It causes heart problems as it blocks the persons arteries. It is not limited to it and also affects liver where it is metabolized. It permanently damages it. Heart Diseases : It is major cause of it because arteries gets blocked because of plague formation as a result of that heart needs to put extra effort to pump blood. But it causes lack of blood in heart and triggers heart attacks. Low nutritional Value: If you want to give a rating regarding the nutritional value then it will be 1 out of 10. When we make junk food nutritional is lost so they add syntactic nutrients to it in order to compensate which causes many diseases and effect our health adversely. Addictive: Salt and sugar are added to make the food tasty but they are highly addictive as it simulates receptors in the brain and people feel goods because the dopamine levels increases as a result of this. Many chemicals like MSG , artificial colors etc are added to prepare junk food. Medical report states that MSG causes obesity. Similarly junk foods are canned and free zed as a result of that it loose flavor so chemicals are added for flavors but it affects our health.

Science Essay -- essays research papers fc

For some people science is the supreme form of all knowledge. Is this view reasonable or does it involve a misunderstanding of science or of knowledge? For many persons science is considered the supreme form of all knowledge, as science is based on facts and theories and it reaches its results through an approved scientific method. Consequently, it seems to be objective and thus more truthful and reliable. However, other persons argue that this is a misunderstanding of science. Hence, one should question what science and knowledge entail. Can there actually be some form of knowledge that overrules all other types of human knowledge? Is scientific knowledge actually always objective? Are there other types of knowledge of equal worth? This essay will discuss the views presented mainly using examples from biology and history and comparing them to the different ways of knowing, i.e. perception, reasoning, emotion and language to try and reach a conclusion on whether scientific knowledge really is a higher form of knowledge. Firstly, before attempting to discuss the topic at hand, it is important to define the terms â€Å"knowledge†, â€Å"science† and â€Å"supreme†. According to Webster’s Encyclopaedic Dictionary â€Å"knowledge† is defined as â€Å"the acquaintance with facts, truths, or principles gained by sight, experience, or investigation†1. â€Å"Science† is a branch of knowledge that has purpose to â€Å"describe, explain, understand, investigate, predict, and control†2. The term â€Å"supreme† is defined as â€Å"the highest in rank, authority, and/or quality†3. Now, to put these definitions in context, one must recognise that scientific knowledge, to have the status of the highest in authority and quality, it has to be reliable and consistent with reality. And since scientific knowledge is based upon investigations and observations of the environment around us (i.e. reality), it must be supreme. However, what can be questio ned is the degree of supremacy within different types of sciences, and in this essay the comparison will be limited to one natural science (biology) and one social science (history). Biology could be considered the supreme form of knowledge, as a large proportion of what we know is based upon observations and investigations of the world around us, thus inductive reasoning. Let’s consider the example of organs in living organisms; it’s a scientific fact that most living org... ... our perceptions, way of reasoning, and the language used, thus the scientific knowledge we have created is also subjective. Bibliography Books Abel, Reuben. Man Is the Measure. New York; The Free Press, 1976. Acton, Edward. Rethinking the Russian Revolution. Arnold Publishers, 1990. Pipes, Richard. Den Ryska Revolutionen. Stockholm; Natur och Kultur, 1990. Dictionaries Webster’s Encyclopaedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. 1989, Gramerce Book, New York. 1 Webster’s Encyclopaedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. 1989, Gramerce Book, New York. p. 792. 2 Abel, Reuben. Man Is the Measure. New York; The Free Press, 1976. p. 82 3 Webster’s Encyclopaedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language. 1989, Gramerce Book, New York. p. 1430. 4 Pipes, Richard. Den Ryska Revolutionen. Stockholm; Natur och Kultur, 1990. p. 161 5 Acton, Edward. Rethinking the Russian Revolution. Arnold Publishers, 1990. p. 238 6 Abel, Reuben. Man Is the Measure. New York; The Free Press, 1976. p. 82  © Copyright 2005 Cassandra Flavius (FictionPress ID:375156). All rights reserved. Distribution of any kind is prohibited without the written consent of Cassandra Flavius.